Propuesta de Manejo Integrado de Paratrioza (Bactericera cockerelli) en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum), variedad Superchola en el cantón Montúfar, Provincia del Carchi
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Date
2023
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El cultivo de la papa en el Ecuador comprende un área de unas 3 mil hectáreas y existen 5 000 productores a nivel nacional. Este grupo importante de productores de este alimento básico están siendo afectados por Paratrioza (Bacteria cockerelli S.) la misma que reduce de manera significativa la producción de papa y la calidad del producto final. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación se realizó con la finalidad de aportar soluciones a partir de los graves problemas que genera el impacto ocasionado en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) La variedad utilizada para el proceso de evaluación mediante parcelas es la superchola. Así como los tratamientos analizados fueron : control químico en donde se utilizó ingredientes activos con categoría toxicológica “Ligeramente peligrosos”, “Medianamente peligrosos” y “Moderadamente peligrosos” evitando así usar ingredientes químicos altamente peligrosos, en el control etológico se utilizó trampas adhesivas de color amarillo para la captura y monitoreo del insecto, el control cultural se basó en la adecuada nutrición para promover una defensa autónoma de la planta, en el control mecánico se utilizó trampas barrido para el control del insecto y además se asociaron todos los controles generando así un manejo integrado, la eficacia del control de cada tratamiento se evaluó mediante monitoreos semanales y cálculos de incidencia, severidad de huevos, ninfas, adultos y el rendimiento al final del ciclo del cultivo obteniendo 83,81 kg en el control etológico, 62,85 kg en control Cultural, 80,93 kg en control mecánico, 113,7 kg en control químico y 137,9 kg/parcela en el tratamiento MIP. Como resultado de la investigación el tratamiento con mayor control sobre la plaga de Paratrioza (Bacteria cockerelli S). y que al mismo tiempo presenta un mejor rendimiento es en el que se asociaron todos los controles formando así un manejo integrado de plagas (MIP) demostrando un control eficaz de la plaga y mejores rendimientos del cultivo.
This investigation was carried out based on the serious problems generated by the impact caused in the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) due to the attack of the insect called paratrioza (Bactericera cockerelli S.) which are of great importance and very serious for national production, it is estimated that the damage caused by the psyllid, also known as jumping aphid, can reach losses of up to 100% of the total production, for this reason it was decided to evaluate, through superchola variety potato plots, different methods focused on the control of the aforementioned plague. The treatments were chemical control where active ingredients with toxicological category Slightly dangerous, Medium dangerous and Moderately dangerous were used, thus avoiding the use of highly dangerous chemical ingredients, in the ethological control yellow adhesive traps were used for the capture and monitoring of the insect, the cultural control was based on adequate nutrition to promote an autonomous defense of the plant, in the mechanical control traps were used to control the insect and in addition all the controls were associated, thus generating an integrated management, the control efficacy of each treatment was evaluated through weekly monitoring and incidence calculations, severity of eggs, nymphs, adults and yield at the end of the crop cycle, obtaining 83.81 kg in ethological control, 62.85 kg in Cultural control, 80.93 kg in mechanical control, 113.7 kg in chemical control and 137.9 kg/plot in the IPM treatment, thus finding the best performance result in the treatment where all the controls were associated forming an integrated pest management ( MIP) focused on the control of Bactericera cockerelli S. which marked a strong difference with respect to the other treatments, for this reason the scope of the results indicated that an integrated pest management allows to obtain an effective control against paratrioza generating good productive yields.
This investigation was carried out based on the serious problems generated by the impact caused in the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) due to the attack of the insect called paratrioza (Bactericera cockerelli S.) which are of great importance and very serious for national production, it is estimated that the damage caused by the psyllid, also known as jumping aphid, can reach losses of up to 100% of the total production, for this reason it was decided to evaluate, through superchola variety potato plots, different methods focused on the control of the aforementioned plague. The treatments were chemical control where active ingredients with toxicological category Slightly dangerous, Medium dangerous and Moderately dangerous were used, thus avoiding the use of highly dangerous chemical ingredients, in the ethological control yellow adhesive traps were used for the capture and monitoring of the insect, the cultural control was based on adequate nutrition to promote an autonomous defense of the plant, in the mechanical control traps were used to control the insect and in addition all the controls were associated, thus generating an integrated management, the control efficacy of each treatment was evaluated through weekly monitoring and incidence calculations, severity of eggs, nymphs, adults and yield at the end of the crop cycle, obtaining 83.81 kg in ethological control, 62.85 kg in Cultural control, 80.93 kg in mechanical control, 113.7 kg in chemical control and 137.9 kg/plot in the IPM treatment, thus finding the best performance result in the treatment where all the controls were associated forming an integrated pest management ( MIP) focused on the control of Bactericera cockerelli S. which marked a strong difference with respect to the other treatments, for this reason the scope of the results indicated that an integrated pest management allows to obtain an effective control against paratrioza generating good productive yields.
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Keywords
Bactericera cockerelli, Manejo integrado de plagas, Incidencia, Severidad