Regulación de vehículos eléctricos en el Ecuador: aspectos legales y garantía de Seguridad Jurídica
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Date
2025
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
Esta investigación evalúa la regulación de los vehículos eléctricos, tanto de dos como de tres ruedas en Ecuador. Considerando aspectos legales y la protección de la seguridad jurídica, dado que en Ecuador no existe un marco regulatorio específico para estos vehículos, lo que ha generado incertidumbre en los usuarios y ha limitado el desarrollo de la movilidad sostenible. En la investigación se señala los problemas legales que surgen debido a la falta de claridad en la regulación, así como vacíos legales que afectan tanto a la circulación, operación y supervisión de estos vehículos, lo que termina comprometiendo tanto a la seguridad vial como a la protección de los derechos del ciudadano. Mediante un análisis comparativo, se examina la normativa extranjera que regula este tipo de vehículos, resaltando su efectividad en la promoción de estándares técnicos, incentivos económicos y medidas de seguridad que permitan identificar las mejores prácticas aplicables al contexto del Ecuador. Como resultado, se proponen desarrollar un conjunto de recomendaciones para un marco regulatorio, que consista en estándares técnicos mínimos, regulaciones de seguridad vial y otras provisiones necesarias para la seguridad jurídica de las personas. Además, se sugiere que se desarrolle una infraestructura adecuada, incentivos económicos y mecanismos de control para promover el cumplimiento de la norma. La implementación de normativa permite la transición exitosa a una movilidad eléctrica sostenible además de garantizar la protección a derechos de seguridad vial y jurídica. Con esto se busca alinear la regulación ecuatoriana con las experiencias internacionales en materia de movilidad eléctrica, fomentando un desarrollo inclusivo, seguro y sostenible.
This research analyzes the regulation of two- and three-wheeled electric vehicles in Ecuador, with a focus on legal aspects and the guarantee of legal security, taking into consideration that in the country, the lack of a specific regulatory framework has generated uncertainty for users and has limited the development of sustainable mobility. The research identifies the legal challenges derived from the absence of clear regulations, including legal loopholes that affect the circulation, operation and supervision of these vehicles, compromising both road safety and the protection of citizen rights. Through a comparative analysis, foreign regulations that regulate this type of vehicles are examined, highlighting their effectiveness in promoting technical standards, economic incentives and security measures, which allows identifying good practices applicable to the Ecuadorian context. As a result, key recommendations are proposed for the design of a comprehensive regulatory framework that contemplates minimum technical standards, specific road safety regulations and clear provisions to guarantee legal security for users. The creation of adequate infrastructure, economic incentives and control mechanisms that promote compliance with regulations is also suggested. The implementation of these measures strengthens the transition towards sustainable electric mobility and contributes to guaranteeing the fundamental rights of road and legal safety. In this way, the aim is to align Ecuadorian regulation with international trends in electric mobility, promoting inclusive, safe and sustainable development.
This research analyzes the regulation of two- and three-wheeled electric vehicles in Ecuador, with a focus on legal aspects and the guarantee of legal security, taking into consideration that in the country, the lack of a specific regulatory framework has generated uncertainty for users and has limited the development of sustainable mobility. The research identifies the legal challenges derived from the absence of clear regulations, including legal loopholes that affect the circulation, operation and supervision of these vehicles, compromising both road safety and the protection of citizen rights. Through a comparative analysis, foreign regulations that regulate this type of vehicles are examined, highlighting their effectiveness in promoting technical standards, economic incentives and security measures, which allows identifying good practices applicable to the Ecuadorian context. As a result, key recommendations are proposed for the design of a comprehensive regulatory framework that contemplates minimum technical standards, specific road safety regulations and clear provisions to guarantee legal security for users. The creation of adequate infrastructure, economic incentives and control mechanisms that promote compliance with regulations is also suggested. The implementation of these measures strengthens the transition towards sustainable electric mobility and contributes to guaranteeing the fundamental rights of road and legal safety. In this way, the aim is to align Ecuadorian regulation with international trends in electric mobility, promoting inclusive, safe and sustainable development.
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Keywords
Vehículos eléctricos, Regulación legal, Seguridad jurídica, Movilidad sostenible, Ecuador