Estado de salud clínica, funcional, mental y social de los adultos mayores del centro gerontológico diurno San Pablo
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El envejecimiento poblacional es un desafío creciente para los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud proyecta que para 2050, el porcentaje de personas mayores de 60 años se duplicará, lo que incrementará la demanda de cuidados especializados. En este contexto, es crucial investigar el estado de salud de los adultos mayores para desarrollar políticas y programas de intervención eficaces. Esta investigación se centró en evaluar el estado de salud clínica, funcional, mental y social de los adultos mayores del Centro Gerontológico Diurno San Pablo, en el cantón Otavalo, Ecuador. Utilizando la Valoración Geriátrica Integral (VGI), se buscó proporcionar un diagnóstico detallado de estas dimensiones, estableciendo una base sólida para futuras intervenciones destinadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, evaluando a 70 adultos mayores. Se utilizaron cuestionarios y pruebas estandarizadas para evaluar las cuatro dimensiones clave de la VGI: clínica, funcional, mental y social. Entre las herramientas empleadas se encuentran la escala de la Cruz Roja para evaluar la independencia funcional, el test SARCO-GS para la detección de sarcopenia, el KICA-COG para el diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo, el test de Yesavage para la evaluación de la depresión y el test de Gijón para la detección de problemas sociales. Los resultados mostraron un alto nivel de independencia funcional, aunque con restricciones en la movilidad debido a la sarcopenia. Asimismo, se identificó una prevalencia significativa de deterioro cognitivo, depresión y problemas sociales, subrayando la complejidad de las necesidades de esta población. En conclusión, la VGI se reveló como una herramienta esencial para comprender las múltiples dimensiones de la salud en la vejez. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones integrales que aborden tanto los aspectos físicos como los mentales y sociales, XIX mejorando así la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Este estudio enfatiza la importancia de una evaluación multidimensional para el desarrollo de estrategias de cuidado efectivas y personalizadas.
Population aging is a growing challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. The World Health Organization projects that by 2050, the percentage of people over 60 years of age will double, which will increase the demand for specialized care. In this context, it is crucial to investigate the health status of older adults in order to develop effective policies and intervention programs. This research focused on assessing the clinical, functional, mental and social health status of older adults at the San Pablo Gerontological Day Center in Otavalo canton, Ecuador. Using the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), we sought to provide a detailed diagnosis of these dimensions, establishing a solid basis for future interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of this population. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional approach was used, evaluating 70 older adults. Questionnaires and standardized tests were used to assess the four key dimensions of IGV: clinical, functional, mental and social. Among the tools used were the Red Cross scale for assessing functional independence, the SARCO-GS test for detecting sarcopenia, the KICA-COG for diagnosing cognitive impairment, the Yesavage test for assessing depression, and the Gijon test for detecting social problems. The results showed a high level of functional independence, although with mobility restrictions due to sarcopenia. Likewise, a significant prevalence of cognitive impairment, depression and social problems was identified, underlining the complexity of the needs of this population. In conclusion, the VGI proved to be an essential tool for understanding the multiple dimensions of health in old age. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive XXI interventions that address physical as well as mental and social aspects, thus improving the quality of life of older adults. This study emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional assessment for the development of effective and personalized care strategies.
Population aging is a growing challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. The World Health Organization projects that by 2050, the percentage of people over 60 years of age will double, which will increase the demand for specialized care. In this context, it is crucial to investigate the health status of older adults in order to develop effective policies and intervention programs. This research focused on assessing the clinical, functional, mental and social health status of older adults at the San Pablo Gerontological Day Center in Otavalo canton, Ecuador. Using the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), we sought to provide a detailed diagnosis of these dimensions, establishing a solid basis for future interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of this population. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional approach was used, evaluating 70 older adults. Questionnaires and standardized tests were used to assess the four key dimensions of IGV: clinical, functional, mental and social. Among the tools used were the Red Cross scale for assessing functional independence, the SARCO-GS test for detecting sarcopenia, the KICA-COG for diagnosing cognitive impairment, the Yesavage test for assessing depression, and the Gijon test for detecting social problems. The results showed a high level of functional independence, although with mobility restrictions due to sarcopenia. Likewise, a significant prevalence of cognitive impairment, depression and social problems was identified, underlining the complexity of the needs of this population. In conclusion, the VGI proved to be an essential tool for understanding the multiple dimensions of health in old age. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive XXI interventions that address physical as well as mental and social aspects, thus improving the quality of life of older adults. This study emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional assessment for the development of effective and personalized care strategies.
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Keywords
Valoración geriátrica integral, Persona adulta mayor