Garantismo constitucional en acciones de protección: Un estudio en la ciudad de Ibarra (2022-2023)
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La acción de protección, como una garantía jurisdiccional, desempeña un papel crucial en el sistema de justicia constitucional ecuatoriano para la defensa de los derechos. Esta herramienta es aplicada como un mecanismo ágil y eficaz para abordar situaciones donde los derechos de las personas son vulnerados, se observa que existe uso inadecuado de la vía constitucional. Este estudio evaluó la efectividad del sistema de garantías jurisdiccionales en la protección de los derechos constitucionales, teniendo como objetivo general analizar el uso de la acción de protección como garantía jurisdiccional en la ciudad de Ibarra en el periodo 2022-2023. Esta investigación tuvo como enfoque el cualitativo, con un nivel de profundidad descriptivo y explicativo, debido a que se buscó examinar los criterios relacionados con el concepto de garantismo constitucional, centrándose en las acciones de protección como instrumentos jurisdiccionales destinados a tutelar los derechos fundamentales y repararlos ante posibles vulneraciones. La metodología cualitativa facilitó la interpretación matizada de datos complejos, como discursos, opiniones y percepciones; como método científico principal el hermenéutico, el cual permitió lograr una comprensión adecuada de la razonabilidad de las acciones de protección; también se recurrió al método normativista y analítico sintético de la regulación constitucional y legal de las garantías jurisdiccionales. Las técnicas empleadas en el desarrollo del análisis fueron la revisión documental y las entrevistas a expertos. El presente análisis permitió explorar las especificidades del sistema judicial en Ibarra, se identificaron controversias que podrían resolverse por vías ordinarias en lugar de recurrir a la acción de protección. Aunque esta acción ha tenido un impacto significativo en la defensa de derechos fundamentales y agiliza el acceso a la justicia, persiste la percepción errónea de usarla como medio rápido.
The protection action, as a jurisdictional guarantee, plays a crucial role in the Ecuadorian constitutional justice system for the defense of rights. This tool is applied as an agile and effective mechanism to address situations where people's rights are violated; it is observed that there is an inadequate use of the constitutional means. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the system of jurisdictional guarantees in the protection of constitutional rights, with the general objective of analyzing the use of the protection action as a jurisdictional guarantee in the city of Ibarra in the period 2022-2023. This research had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive and explanatory level of depth, because it sought to examine the criteria related to the concept of constitutional guarantee, focusing on protection actions as jurisdictional instruments intended to protect fundamental rights and repair them against possible vulnerabilities. The qualitative methodology facilitated the nuanced interpretation of complex data, such as discourses, opinions and perceptions; the hermeneutic as the main scientific method, which made it possible to achieve an adequate understanding of the reasonableness of protection actions; The synthetic normativist and analytical method of constitutional and legal regulation of jurisdictional guarantees was also used. The techniques used in the development of the analysis were documentary review and interviews with experts. The present analysis allowed us to explore the specificities of the judicial system in Ibarra; controversies were identified that could be resolved through ordinary means instead of resorting to protection action. Although this action has had a significant impact on the defense of fundamental rights and expedites access to justice, the incorrect perception of using it as a quick means persists.
The protection action, as a jurisdictional guarantee, plays a crucial role in the Ecuadorian constitutional justice system for the defense of rights. This tool is applied as an agile and effective mechanism to address situations where people's rights are violated; it is observed that there is an inadequate use of the constitutional means. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the system of jurisdictional guarantees in the protection of constitutional rights, with the general objective of analyzing the use of the protection action as a jurisdictional guarantee in the city of Ibarra in the period 2022-2023. This research had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive and explanatory level of depth, because it sought to examine the criteria related to the concept of constitutional guarantee, focusing on protection actions as jurisdictional instruments intended to protect fundamental rights and repair them against possible vulnerabilities. The qualitative methodology facilitated the nuanced interpretation of complex data, such as discourses, opinions and perceptions; the hermeneutic as the main scientific method, which made it possible to achieve an adequate understanding of the reasonableness of protection actions; The synthetic normativist and analytical method of constitutional and legal regulation of jurisdictional guarantees was also used. The techniques used in the development of the analysis were documentary review and interviews with experts. The present analysis allowed us to explore the specificities of the judicial system in Ibarra; controversies were identified that could be resolved through ordinary means instead of resorting to protection action. Although this action has had a significant impact on the defense of fundamental rights and expedites access to justice, the incorrect perception of using it as a quick means persists.
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Keywords
Acción de protección, Garantismo constitucional, Derechos, Garantías jurisdiccionales, Sistema judicial