El cumplimiento de las funciones y deberes legales de los servidores policiales como causa de exclusión de la antijuridicidad: análisis del artículo 30.1 del COIP
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Date
2024
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PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de exponer al lector la figura jurídica del cumplimiento de un deber legal, prevista en el Art 30.1 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal ecuatoriano, dentro de la teoría del delito esta figura actúa como una causa de exclusión de la antijuridicidad, permitiendo al servidor policial justificar una conducta lesiva, siempre y cuando su actuación cumpla con cada uno de los requisitos que la norma exige, en la actualidad los índices de inseguridad y delincuencia en el Ecuador han alcanzado niveles nunca vistos en su historia, por lo tanto, la labor de los servidores policiales adquiere mayor relevancia en el contexto actual, al ser quienes deben hacer frente a esta problemática, por tal motivo el objetivo general de la presente investigación consistió en analizar los presupuestos que configuran “el cumplimiento del deber legal” como una causa de la exclusión de la antijuricidad, esto a fin de establecer los límites sobre los cuales los agentes del orden deben mantener su accionar, el objetivo fue alcanzado mediante la aplicación del método normativista, que permitió revisar tanto la normativa interna, como instrumentos internacionales que contienen los principios y directrices para los agentes encargados de hacer cumplir la ley, complementariamente se recurrió a la técnica de la encuesta, mediante la cual se logró identificar el nivel de conocimiento por parte de los servidores policiales en cuanto a los requisitos que exige esta figura jurídica, lográndose evidenciar que los agentes policiales si tienen conocimiento de sus deberes legales, en la misma línea, se recurrió a la revisión documental de casos concretos en los que se aplicó el cumplimiento del deber legal, como una eximente de responsabilidad penal, cumpliendo así con el fin por el cual esta figura jurídica fue introducida en la normativa penal.
The purpose of this work is to expose the reader to the legal figure of compliance with a legal duty, provided for in Art 30.1 of the Ecuadorian Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code, within the theory of crime this figure acts as a cause of exclusion of illegality, That is to say, it allows the police officer to justify harmful conduct, as long as his actions comply with each of the requirements that the norm demands. The importance of this work lies in the fact that the insecurity and crime rates in Ecuador have reached levels never seen in its history, so the work of police officers acquires greater relevance in the current context as they are the ones who by constitutional provision must face this problem, for this reason the general objective of the present investigation is to analyze the budgets that configure the fulfillment of legal duty as a cause of the exclusion of illegality, this in order to establish the limits on which law enforcement agents must fit their actions, the objective was achieved through the application of the normativist method, which allowed us to review both the internal regulations and international instruments that contain the principles and guidelines for the correct actions of the agents in charge of enforcing the law. Additionally, through the application of the survey technique, it was possible to identify the level of knowledge on the part of the of police officers, where It was evident that police officers have knowledge of their legal duties. Added to this, there are also specific cases in which compliance with legal duty was applied, exempting the police officer from all types of criminal liability, fulfilling the purpose of which this legal figure was introduced in the criminal regulations.
The purpose of this work is to expose the reader to the legal figure of compliance with a legal duty, provided for in Art 30.1 of the Ecuadorian Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code, within the theory of crime this figure acts as a cause of exclusion of illegality, That is to say, it allows the police officer to justify harmful conduct, as long as his actions comply with each of the requirements that the norm demands. The importance of this work lies in the fact that the insecurity and crime rates in Ecuador have reached levels never seen in its history, so the work of police officers acquires greater relevance in the current context as they are the ones who by constitutional provision must face this problem, for this reason the general objective of the present investigation is to analyze the budgets that configure the fulfillment of legal duty as a cause of the exclusion of illegality, this in order to establish the limits on which law enforcement agents must fit their actions, the objective was achieved through the application of the normativist method, which allowed us to review both the internal regulations and international instruments that contain the principles and guidelines for the correct actions of the agents in charge of enforcing the law. Additionally, through the application of the survey technique, it was possible to identify the level of knowledge on the part of the of police officers, where It was evident that police officers have knowledge of their legal duties. Added to this, there are also specific cases in which compliance with legal duty was applied, exempting the police officer from all types of criminal liability, fulfilling the purpose of which this legal figure was introduced in the criminal regulations.
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Keywords
Deber legal, Justificación, Antijuridicidad, Policía nacional