Los derechos de la naturaleza y el derecho de las personas a beneficiarse de las riquezas naturales
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza el alcance de la garantía de derechos de la naturaleza y de las personas a beneficiarse de ella en armonía, para su bienestar. Se fundamentó en el análisis de investigaciones previas, normativa constitucional, legislación secundaria y jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional. El objetivo general fue determinar el alcance de los derechos de la naturaleza y el de las personas a beneficiarse de ella en armoniosa coexistencia, mediante el análisis, valoración y ponderación de decisiones administrativas o casos judiciales en los que se hayan detectado consecuencias ambientales o sociales negativas debido al abuso de derechos. Su importancia radica en establecer que estos derechos no son opuestos ni contradictorios sino interdependientes y que es posible la coexistencia humana con la naturaleza en armonía. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, tipo documental y nivel de profundidad explicativo. Los métodos utilizados fueron el normativista e inductivo. Se aplicaron las técnicas documental y entrevista. Los resultados señalan que los derechos de la naturaleza y de las personas a beneficiarse de sus riquezas para su subsistencia, no son excluyentes, sino interdependientes; cuando el hombre y la naturaleza integran estos ecosistemas y coexisten en armonía al haber desarrollado prácticas ancestrales en su relación con la naturaleza, respetando sus ciclos vitales, el equilibrio de los ecosistemas, y su capacidad de regeneración. La supervivencia de la humanidad depende de la conservación de la naturaleza. Por otro lado, existe tensión permanente entre los derechos de la naturaleza y el artículo 74 de la Constitución, cuando los titulares de licencias ambientales causan impactos negativos a la naturaleza, las actividades ilegales de extracción de recursos no renovables que la depredan; y, la Autoridad Ambiental Nacional, en los casos en los que por acción, omisión o inadecuadas decisiones incumple sus propias competencias no ejerciendo control, seguimiento, vigilancia e intervención a los operadores, para proteger y garantizar los derechos de la naturaleza.
This study analyzes the scope of the guarantee of the rights of nature and of people to benefit from it in harmony, for their well-being. It was based on the analysis of previous investigations, constitutional regulations, secondary legislation, and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. The general objective was to determine the scope of the rights of nature and the rights of people to benefit from it in harmonious coexistence, through the analysis, assessment and weighting of administrative decisions or judicial cases in which negative environmental or social consequences have been detected. due to excesses in the exercise of rights. Its importance lies in establishing that these rights are not opposite or contradictory but rather interdependent and that human coexistence with nature in harmony is possible. The research had a qualitative approach, documentary type and level of explanatory depth. The methods used were normativism and inductive. Documentary and interview techniques were applied. The results indicate that the rights of nature and of people to benefit from its riches for their subsistence are not exclusive, but interdependent; when man and nature integrate these ecosystems and coexist in harmony by having developed ancestral practices in their relationship with nature, respecting their life cycles, the balance of ecosystems, and their capacity for regeneration. The survival of humanity depends on the conservation of nature. On the other hand, there is permanent tension between the rights of nature and article 74 of the Constitution, when the holders of environmental licenses cause negative impacts to nature, illegal activities of extraction of non-renewable resources that depredate it; and, the National Environmental Authority, in cases in which by action, omission or inappropriate decisions it fails to fulfill its own powers by not exercising control, monitoring, surveillance and intervention to the operators, to protect and guarantee the rights of nature.
This study analyzes the scope of the guarantee of the rights of nature and of people to benefit from it in harmony, for their well-being. It was based on the analysis of previous investigations, constitutional regulations, secondary legislation, and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. The general objective was to determine the scope of the rights of nature and the rights of people to benefit from it in harmonious coexistence, through the analysis, assessment and weighting of administrative decisions or judicial cases in which negative environmental or social consequences have been detected. due to excesses in the exercise of rights. Its importance lies in establishing that these rights are not opposite or contradictory but rather interdependent and that human coexistence with nature in harmony is possible. The research had a qualitative approach, documentary type and level of explanatory depth. The methods used were normativism and inductive. Documentary and interview techniques were applied. The results indicate that the rights of nature and of people to benefit from its riches for their subsistence are not exclusive, but interdependent; when man and nature integrate these ecosystems and coexist in harmony by having developed ancestral practices in their relationship with nature, respecting their life cycles, the balance of ecosystems, and their capacity for regeneration. The survival of humanity depends on the conservation of nature. On the other hand, there is permanent tension between the rights of nature and article 74 of the Constitution, when the holders of environmental licenses cause negative impacts to nature, illegal activities of extraction of non-renewable resources that depredate it; and, the National Environmental Authority, in cases in which by action, omission or inappropriate decisions it fails to fulfill its own powers by not exercising control, monitoring, surveillance and intervention to the operators, to protect and guarantee the rights of nature.
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Keywords
Derecho, Naturaleza, Personas, Buen vivir, Impactos ambientales negativos