Los procedimientos de adopción en el Ecuador: Una mirada desde la tutela del interés superior de los niños, niñas y adolescentes
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Date
2024
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación se basó en una mirada integral a través del interés superior de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, fundamentado en los procedimientos de adopción que se llevan a cabo bajo los principios que resguardan los derechos del niño como el principio de celeridad, por lo tanto, mediante la tutela de estos, se permite establecer pautas iniciales en estos procesos, que con ayuda de la legislación y la perspectiva internacional enfocada en la protección de menores cede el paso al cumplimiento “eficaz” de los procedimientos que se abordan, además de la doctrina que realza los hechos y estima los conceptos básicos empleados durante la observación realizada, también se destacó el estudio de igualdad que se debe tener en cuenta para la aplicación de aquellos principios rectores, expuestos como máximos en las garantías implementadas para el amparo de los infantes, asimismo, se presumió de forma superficial las fases que estos procesos comprenden tanto como la administrativa y la judicial, identificando los factores que estos presentan y así las dificultades que pueden atraer, por otro lado, los informes mensuales de adopciones en el Ecuador facilitadas por el Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social (MIES) junto al Gobierno de turno, que permitieron relacionar de forma cuantitativa los años 2022 y 2023, resultando relativos ambos años con ciertas variaciones que indican la celeridad y la tutela, haciendo hincapié en la existencia de posibles desafíos en los trámites que deben realizar, así como la existencia de mecanismos que deben enfrentar las familias adoptivas, así también la técnica utilizada permitió conocer los distintos enfoques que la sociedad tiene al respeto. Los métodos empleados fueron el socio jurídico, deductivo e inductivo.
The present research work was based on a comprehensive examination through the best interests of children and adolescents, grounded in adoption procedures carried out under principles that safeguard the rights of the child, such as the principle of expeditiousness. Therefore, by safeguarding these rights, it is possible to establish initial guidelines in these processes. With the assistance of legislation and an international perspective focused on the protection of minors, it paves the way for the effective fulfillment of the addressed procedures. The study also highlighted the doctrine that emphasizes facts and values the basic concepts used during the observation. Additionally, the research emphasized the study of equality that must be taken into account for the application of these guiding principles, outlined as paramount in the guarantees implemented for the protection of infants. It also briefly presumed the phases that these processes comprise, both administrative and judicial, identifying the factors they present and the difficulties they may entail. On the other hand, the monthly adoption reports in Ecuador provided by the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion (MIES) along with the current government allowed for a quantitative comparison of the years 2022 and 2023. Both years were found to be relative with certain variations indicating expeditiousness and protection, emphasizing the existence of possible challenges in the procedures that must be carried out, as well as the mechanisms that adoptive families must face. Furthermore, the employed technique allowed understanding the different perspectives that society has regarding adoption. The methods used were socio-legal, deductive, and inductive.
The present research work was based on a comprehensive examination through the best interests of children and adolescents, grounded in adoption procedures carried out under principles that safeguard the rights of the child, such as the principle of expeditiousness. Therefore, by safeguarding these rights, it is possible to establish initial guidelines in these processes. With the assistance of legislation and an international perspective focused on the protection of minors, it paves the way for the effective fulfillment of the addressed procedures. The study also highlighted the doctrine that emphasizes facts and values the basic concepts used during the observation. Additionally, the research emphasized the study of equality that must be taken into account for the application of these guiding principles, outlined as paramount in the guarantees implemented for the protection of infants. It also briefly presumed the phases that these processes comprise, both administrative and judicial, identifying the factors they present and the difficulties they may entail. On the other hand, the monthly adoption reports in Ecuador provided by the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion (MIES) along with the current government allowed for a quantitative comparison of the years 2022 and 2023. Both years were found to be relative with certain variations indicating expeditiousness and protection, emphasizing the existence of possible challenges in the procedures that must be carried out, as well as the mechanisms that adoptive families must face. Furthermore, the employed technique allowed understanding the different perspectives that society has regarding adoption. The methods used were socio-legal, deductive, and inductive.
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Keywords
Adopción, Procedimiento, Principios, Tutela, Interés superior del niño/a o adolescente, Celeridad, Protección de menores, Legislación, Igualdad