La responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en el Ecuador
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Date
2023
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Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La Constitución de la República, al declarar al Ecuador como un estado constitucional de derechos y justicia, obligo a definir un nuevo ordenamiento jurídico, es así que, en el año 2014, la entrada en vigencia del Código Orgánico Integral Penal, constituyó un momento histórico en materia de responsabilidad penal, puesto que la ley, siendo la única que puede incluir la imputabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, de acuerdo a la definición emanada por el Diccionario Jurídico Espasa. Se incorporó los tipos penales, medidas cautelares y penas para personas jurídicas en aplicación de los principios “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege y societas delinquere non potest”, que impedía procesar penalmente a la persona ficticia y por ende imponer una pena; el análisis y estudio permite deducir que la implementación de normativa relativa a la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica en el Ecuador ha constituido un punto fundamental, ya que sanciona a los entes que incurran en ilícitos o que se lleguen a formar para con el único fin de delinquir. La presente investigación surge de la necesidad de los ciudadanos que se asocian en los diferentes tipos de empresa o compañías, conocer el nuevo sistema de cumplimiento normativo COMPLIANCE y los actos que la ley penal pueda imputar como una conducta relevante para la persona jurídica a fin de evitar el cometimiento de actos ilícitos. A través del método analítico se realiza la descomposición de un todo en sus elementos constitutivos para proceder a su comprensión y rearticulación de una herramienta de prevención y control, que hasta la presente fecha ha sido inexplorada por la jurisprudencia ecuatoriana ya que, si bien es cierto, se lo empezó a considerar en el Ecuador, aún no ha habido una amplia adopción para un correcto control y funcionamiento por parte de las personas jurídicas.
The Constitution of the Republic, by declaring Ecuador as a constitutional state of rights and justice, forced to define a new legal system, so that in 2014, the entry into force of the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, constituted a historic moment in matter of criminal responsibility, since the law, being the only one that can include the criminal imputability of legal persons, according to the definition issued by the Espasa Legal Dictionary. The criminal types, precautionary measures and penalties for legal persons were incorporated in application of the principles Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege and societas delinquere non potest, which prevented criminal prosecution of the fictitious person and therefore imposing a penalty; The analysis and study allows us to deduce that the implementation of regulations regarding the criminal liability of the legal person in Ecuador has constituted a fundamental point, since it sanctions the entities that incur in illegal activities or that are formed for the sole purpose to commit a crime The present investigation arises from the need of the citizens who are associated in the different types of companies or companies, to know the new regulatory compliance system COMPLIANCE and the acts that the criminal law can impute as a relevant conduct for the legal person in order to prevent the commission of illegal acts. Through the analytical method, the decomposition of a whole into its constituent elements is carried out to proceed to its understanding and rearticulation of a prevention and control tool, which to date has been unexplored by Ecuadorian jurisprudence since, although it is true, it began to be considered in Ecuador, there has not yet been a wide adoption for a correct control and operation by legal entities.
The Constitution of the Republic, by declaring Ecuador as a constitutional state of rights and justice, forced to define a new legal system, so that in 2014, the entry into force of the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, constituted a historic moment in matter of criminal responsibility, since the law, being the only one that can include the criminal imputability of legal persons, according to the definition issued by the Espasa Legal Dictionary. The criminal types, precautionary measures and penalties for legal persons were incorporated in application of the principles Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege and societas delinquere non potest, which prevented criminal prosecution of the fictitious person and therefore imposing a penalty; The analysis and study allows us to deduce that the implementation of regulations regarding the criminal liability of the legal person in Ecuador has constituted a fundamental point, since it sanctions the entities that incur in illegal activities or that are formed for the sole purpose to commit a crime The present investigation arises from the need of the citizens who are associated in the different types of companies or companies, to know the new regulatory compliance system COMPLIANCE and the acts that the criminal law can impute as a relevant conduct for the legal person in order to prevent the commission of illegal acts. Through the analytical method, the decomposition of a whole into its constituent elements is carried out to proceed to its understanding and rearticulation of a prevention and control tool, which to date has been unexplored by Ecuadorian jurisprudence since, although it is true, it began to be considered in Ecuador, there has not yet been a wide adoption for a correct control and operation by legal entities.
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Keywords
Responsabilidad, Personas, Jurídicas, Delitos, Sanciones