Browsing by Author "Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto"
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Item Open Access Alteraciones neuropsicológicas de la memoria, la atención y el lenguaje en el Síndrome Postraumático Craneal Leve(2020-06) Ramos-Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoIntroducción: El traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) leve afecta a un gran porcentaje de la población infantil y es un factor etiológico de alteración cerebral que se lo considera sin mayor repercusión en el funcionamiento neuropsicológico de la memoria, atención y lenguaje, ya que en la mayoría de las veces, cuando el niño se encuentra médicamente estable, es dado de alta; no obstante, como se lo presenta en esta investigación, el menor no recuperaría al 100% sus habilidades premórbidas. Método: Se trabajó con un diseño longitudinal de medidas repetidas en una muestra de 30 niños entre 6 y 10 años de edad (Medad = 8.53, SD = 1.45) que sufrieron un TCE y fueron asistidos en un hospital pediátrico de Quito-Ecuador. Se utilizaron como medidas de la memoria, atención y lenguaje pruebas neuropsicológicas de la batería Neuropsi, WISC-IV, TAR y se diseñaron tres escalas de valoración clínica. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los indicadores que valoraron la memoria, atención y lenguaje en los diferentes momentos de medición. Conclusiones: Los datos encontrados sugieren que los niños mejoran en algunas de las áreas neuropsicológicas, no obstante, según el criterio clínico referencial en muchas de ellas no lo hacen completamente. Por otro lado, las escalas de observación diferida, apuntan a que los padres perciben que sus hijos no logran una recuperación completa luego del TCE. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de brindar un seguimiento neuropsicológico adecuado para que niños que sufren este tipo de TCE puedan recuperarse en el mayor nivel posible.Item Open Access Análisis neurofutbolístico de Loris Karius: de la gloria al infierno(2020) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoEn el contexto futbolístico se han presentado errores garrafales que han costado caro a los equipos. A veces se presentan por nervios o desconcentración, no obstante, según nuestro ojo clínico, en ocasiones el cerebro juega una mala pasada y su mal funcionamiento, producto de un traumatismo craneoencefálico sucedido en el mismo juego, es quien determina el marcador de un encuentro. Esto es lo sucedido al portero del Liverpool en la final de la Champions League 2018, quien, desde nuestra reflexión neuro futbolística, tuvo errores que le costaron el partido, por una afectación de la vía magnocelular cerebral que permite procesar la información perceptivo visual espacial. En el artículo presentado, reflexionamos sobre su estado cerebral antes y después del traumatismo sufrido y resaltamos que, un futbolista que está despierto y expresando que puede continuar, no necesariamente es un individuo con su cerebro conservado, ya que puede ser solo una parte de su masa encefálica la que habla, pero, como se ve en Karius, no obstante, otras silentes pueden haberse alterado. Cerramos el trabajo resaltando la necesidad de incorporar los conocimientos neuropsicológicos para la comprensión del efecto de un traumatismo en el campo del juego, ya que de este trabajo se ratifica que, el ser humano no juega al fútbol con las piernas o las manos, lo hace con su cerebro. Palabras clave: traumatismo craneoencefálico, fútbol, neuropsicología, estado de conciencia.Item Open Access Análisis neuropsicológico de un caso con anosognosia(2020-09) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoLa anosognosia es un trastorno neuropsicológico que genera en el paciente una incapacidad para tener un estado de conciencia pleno sobre su enfermedad o déficit, producto de una injuria cerebral. En este artículo reportamos el análisis de un caso que producto de un traumatismo craneoencefálico presentó esta alteración cerebral. El análisis neuropsicológico inicia con la descripción clínica del caso, su estado premórbido, el relato familiar del estado actual y un análisis neuropsicológico que sustenta la hipótesis diagnóstica de anosognosia. Se discute el caso presentado en base a la necesidad de realizar diagnósticos precisos y proponer programas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica para que los pacientes con anosognosia sufran el menor impacto posible en las actividades de su vida diaria producto del trastorno cerebral adquirido.Item Open Access Analysis of organizational power networks through a holistic approach using consensus strategies(2019-02) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoPower is one of the most complex organizational attributes to understand due to the multiple related variables and dimensions in which it appears. The ownership and use and of power are reflected in the interpersonal relationships within an organization, as a result, modeling its structure and interactions can lead to knowledge about the power networks that shape it. The objective of this study was to identify the behavior of organizational networks based on existing sources of power, using a consensual analysis of the different topologies present in these networks. The study was carried out in a private production company in Ecuador, which has representation at a domestic level. To this end, a 12-question personalized questionnaire was designed with the aim of identifying specific networks and was applied to 1190 workers in the company. The results were obtained using organizational network analysis and a consensus strategy to integrate the centralities found in multiple networks into one. This study can serve as a reference to organizations, so they can know the relationships between people within it, as part of their management process. In this way, the identification of people within power networks is useful for knowing the “key” actors in the promotion of organizational changes, as well as for the development of career plans based on the position that people occupy in the organizational system.Item Metadata only Artificial intelligence and tomorrow’s education(2021-07-08) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ahram, T., Karwowski, W., y Kalra, J.Nowadays, there is a rapid technological progress around the world that has enabled realities long ago unimaginable. We live in a technological era that represents new possibilities and challenges for society, and for the educational models in each country. Research on smart education, which has forced the educational community to rethink on new ways of learning and teaching has been developed globally. Due to the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the educational model for both, teachers and students will change. Nevertheless, to transform educational systems, it is necessary to update and train students, educators, and administrators effectively. This research aims to describe the possible applications of AI in education from: 1) the automation of administrative tasks; 2) collection and analysis of information to create smart content; 3) the implementation of virtual assistants in the teaching-learning process; 4) the potential delivery of lectures by humanoid robots with AI.Item Metadata only Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: behavioral report from professors and self-report from university students(2018) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoIn this article, we analyze the internal consistency of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–5th ed. (DSM–5) diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the adult population, in addition, we analyze the correlation between the teacher’s report and the student’s own, the prevalence of the disorder and the risk of presenting it according to gender. The sample was composed by 175 university students aged between 16 and 36 years old (M 21.49, SD 3.22) that belonged to the private higher education system of Quito, Ecuador. As measurement instruments, two scales were used based on the 18 items of the diagnostic criteria for ADHD described in the DSM–5. As a result, it was determined that the scales used present adequate internal consistency coefficients (attention deficit .77 & .90; hyperactivity/impulsivity .74 & .91 & the total scale .83 & .92 filled by the student and the professor, respectively), all scales correlated significantly between .15 and .88. As far as the ADHD prevalence percentage in university students, findings showed that the subtypes would be present between 7.42% and 26.85% of the time. As a risk factor, it was found that men present more probability to have ADHD than women. The article concludes pointing out the importance to implement intervention programs for university students that could present ADHD, since the condition could influence negatively the spheres in which the students with the disorder perform.Item Metadata only Augmented reality teaching resources and its implementation in the teaching-learning process(2021-06) Acosta Rodas, Mónica Pamela; Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Nazir, S., Ahram, T., y Karwowski, W.This work presents a revision of possible applications of the augmented reality in the scholar context, such as the utilization of augmented reality to improve reading comprehension or its application in geometry learning and many others. At the same time, as a contribution to the research field, there is a proposal about the design and development of didactical resources that count with augmented reality objects, images, or illustrative graphs, as well as multimedia videos to improve the teaching-learning process of various academic topics.Item Metadata only Autogestión del aprendizaje del universitario: un aporte en su construcción teórica(2020-05) Acosta Rodas, Mónica Pamela; Ortiz Granja, Dorys Noemy; Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Acosta Rodas, Mónica PamelaEsta revisión tiene como objetivo aportar en la construcción teórica del proceso de autogestión del aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Para este propósito, se han incluido estudios relacionados con la motivación, estrategias de aprendizaje y claves positivas de aprendizaje que aseguran el éxito académico, teniendo en cuenta los desafíos para los profesores y estudiantes del siglo XXI.Item Metadata only Cognitive Interventions Based on Technology: A Systematic Literature Review(2021-07-04) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ayaz, H., Asgher, U., Paletta, L.This article reports a systematic review of research done about the positive impact of cognitive treatment for people with some type of brain disorder through the use of inclusive technologies. The article collected 21 publications of high impact magazines uncovering that countries such as Spain, France, and Russia have a significant number of contributions on this topic. Inclusive technological innovations which are intended for work on brain functions such as attention, memory, verbal fluency, problem-solving and behavior regulation have been mainly developed in devices such as Tablets and Robots. The data discussed highlights the need to continue in this line of research to determine the effect of this type of intervention, as well as the future projection of developing new technological devices facilitating human brain functions.Item Metadata only Conceptos fundamentales en la teoría neuropsicológica(2017) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoEn este artículo se presentan tres conceptos que son fundamentales en la formación teórica neuropsicológica: datos históricos en el estudio del cerebro humano, evaluación neuropsicológica de las funciones cerebrales y la rehabilitación neuropsicológica de las funciones cerebrales. Como datos relevantes en el desarrollo teórico del estudio del cerebro humano se hace un recorrido desdelos actos de trepanación realizados cientos de años atrás, los aportes de la frenología, los magistrales hallazgos de Broca y Wernicke, el aporte heurístico de Luria y la revolución actual que se vive con la neuro-imagen. En la evaluación neuropsicológica de funciones cerebrales se analiza el papel de las pruebas específicas, no específicas y de observación diferida en la interpretación del estado neuropsicológico del ser humano, que permiten analizar las funciones neuropsicológicas en el laboratorio y en las actividades de la vida real. Finalmente, se analiza el proceso de rehabilitación neuropsicológica de las funciones cerebrales, en donde se hace mención a los procesos de restauración, compensación, sustitución, activación-estimulación e integración, que son de gran utilidad al momento de intervenir en un cerebro que ha sufrido un daño adquirido. Se concluye afirmando que el ritmo intenso del desarrollo tecnológico y el contundente aporte científico, proponen día a día nuevas técnicas y teorías para entender los procesos de evaluación y rehabilitación del funcionamiento cerebral.Item Metadata only Construcción del déficit de atención / hiperactividad en la prensa escrita ecuatoriana (2007-2015)(2018-06) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoEl trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es una alteración del neurodesarrollo que afecta al comportamiento y cognición de niños/as, adolescentes y adultos. En torno a su línea de investigación, actualmente no se cuenta con una teoría contundente que permita comprenderlo en su totalidad, por lo que todavía se encuentra en desarrollo su fundamentación teórica, determinación de factores causales, eficacia de tratamientos y demás aspectos que engloban al TDAH. En tal contexto, en el presente artículo se propone una investigación que analiza su cobertura otorgada en medios de comunicación, específicamente en la prensa escrita de Ecuador entre 2007 y 2015. La metodología utilizada se basa en dos fases: una primera cualitativa, en donde se hizo un análisis de contenido de treinta y nueve reportajes sobre el trastorno. En la segunda fase se analizaron las frecuencias, porcentajes y coeficiente de confiabilidad de Kappa de la medición realizada. En los resultados encontrados de la fase cualitativa, se propone un paradigma codificado constituido por once categorías que construyen el conocimiento del TDAH en la prensa escrita de Ecuador, donde se resaltan aspectos como las alteraciones familiares, educativas y sociales que genera este trastorno en las personas que lo presentan, mitos sobre sus posibles causas, creencias en torno a la eficacia y efectos no deseados del fármaco como medio de tratamiento, factores de riesgo, protección y otras categorías que se proyectan de los contenidos de los reportajes analizados. En la valoración cuantitativa, se encontró que la evaluación interjueces es de k = .75 que se interpreta como altamente concordante a la medición realizada. Finalmente, se discuten y analizan los resultados en torno a investigaciones previas y la teoría del TDAH.Item Metadata only Consumer extraversion, novelty seeking, and use of Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM)(2021) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ilari, J., Nazir, S., y Salminen, V.Mobile instant messaging (MIM) is one of the most influential technologies in society today due to its wide penetration in the world’s population. The present study aims to establish whether two consumer traits, extraversion and novelty seeking, have the potential to explain the intensity of MIM usage by consumers considering its good performance in explaining other consumer behaviors. The present study is based on a survey of 682 adults in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, which is a South American developing country. The data obtained are analyzed with structural equation modeling and establish that while extraversion is not related to the intensity of MIM use, novelty seeking does have a direct and positive effect. This study makes recommendations for business theory and practice.Item Metadata only COVID-19 in relation to business and management: a bibliometric analysis(2021) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ilari, J., Nazir, S., y Salminen, V.The COVID-19 crisis has generated considerable research efforts in all areas of knowledge, including the area of business and management. This article aimed to describe the body of knowledge generated on COVID-19 regarding business and management to generate the basis for future research. The present study identified 1,751 relevant articles in the Scopus database. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia stood out in terms scientific production, whereas the National Natural Science Foundation of China dominated in funding studies. The analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords in the articles allowed the identification of four thematic clusters that correspond to the priorities given by the research: 1) the crisis and use of technology to overcome it; 2) leadership and risk management; 3) impact on the hospitality, tourism, and air transport sectors; and 4) social impact and corporate social responsibility. This article ends by discussing these results and their implications.Item Metadata only COVID-19, consumer behavior, technology, and society: A literature review and bibliometric analysis(2021-12) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoThe COVID-19 crisis is among the most disruptive events in recent decades. Its profound consequences have garnered the interest of many studies in various disciplines, including consumer behavior, thereby warranting an effort to review and systematize the literature. Thus, this study systematizes the knowledge generated by 70 COVID-19 and consumer behavior studies in the Scopus database. It employs descriptive analysis, highlighting the importance of using quantitative methods and China and the US as research settings. Co-occurrence analysis further identified various thematic clusters among the studies. The input-process-output consumer behavior model guided the systematic review, covering several psychological characteristics and consumer behaviors. Accordingly, measures adopted by governments, technology, and social media stand out as external factors. However, revised marketing strategies have been oriented toward counteracting various consumer risks. Hence, given that technological and digital formats mark consumer behavior, firms must incorporate digital transformations in their process.Item Metadata only Criticial status of research in Ecuadorian psychology: The abandonment of statistics as a basis of scientific production(2019-11) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoThis article reports a study that analyzed the role of statistics in the scientific production of Ecuadorian psychology based on a mixed methodology study. The sample included 410 participants (students and professionals of different cities of Ecuador). The findings on the quantitative phase included that liking and mastering statistical processes increase the probability of publishing a scientific article. Moreover, when negative belief variables and anxiety related to statistics have a higher score, the mastery of statistical processes and its use for the job of the psychologist decrease. On the qualitative phase, a significance emerged that allowed to better understand quantitative data, and to develop categories on statistics erroneous’ believes, procedures, a negative predisposition towards learning statistics and others. The paper concludes by analyzing the scientific reality of Ecuadorian psychology and the need to carry out longitudinal research where it will be possible to restructure subjective constructions on the role of statistics in psychology.Item Metadata only Desempeño en funciones ejecutivas de adultos mayores: relación con su autonomía y calidad de vida(2020) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoA lo largo del ciclo vital, el ser humano es capaz de controlar de manera consciente sus pensamientos, emociones y conducta de manera que se ajusten a las demandas del entorno, lo que se va perdiendo con la vejez, afectando la vida independiente y autónoma de las personas, impactando negativamente su calidad de vida. El propósito de esta revisión es determinar las funciones ejecutivas que se ven más deterioradas con el paso de los años. Se usó el método de revisión narrativa para recopilar los artículos que abordaban la relaciónentre funciones ejecutivas y calidad de vida en adultos mayores sin daño cognitivo grave. Los resultados muestran que las funciones ejecutivas que más se afectan con los años son la atención, memoria operativa y fluidez verbal, implicadas en la búsqueda y actualización de información; flexibilidad cognitiva, responsable de generar modificaciones en la conducta, pensamiento y razonamiento, fundamentales en el funcionamiento cognitivo eficiente. Además, se reporta un enlentecimiento en el razonamiento, déficit inhibitorio, déficit de trasmisión y sensorio-perceptivo. Se concluye que las funciones ejecutivas son sensibles al proceso de envejecimiento y afectan progresivamente la autonomía y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Se cree relevante generar programa de mantenimiento de estas funciones cognitivas, como una formar de promover un envejecimiento exitoso.Item Metadata only Designing accessible maps on mobile devices for blind and visually impaired users(2020) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Di Bucchianico, G., Sungsoo, C., Shim, S., Fukuda, S., Montagna, G., y Carvalho, C.Currently, there is a high percentage of people with visual disabilities worldwide. Sometimes, these people do not have access to the information of online geographic maps. A traditional map published on the Web does not provide the necessary alternative information for people with visual disabilities. This research presents a mobile application with geographic maps that provides the information in audio format to blind and visually impaired users. The application uses the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG Tiny) format that allows additional information to be stored within the map code. SVG Tiny provides to screen readers the content inside of map code to transform text to audio. The tests were carried out through accessibility assessment tools, which showed a level of accessibility greater than 90%. In addition, tests were carried out with blind people, who were satisfied with the level of accessibility of the mobile application.Item Metadata only Development and validation of a brief scale to assess attachment in adults: psychometric analysis in Latin America(2020) Acosta Rodas, Mónica Pamela; Ortiz Granja, Dorys Noemy; Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoAssessment of the adult attachment in the Latin American context as a research line is not yet solved. This study has the aim to present the results of the development and validation of a scale to assess the adult attachment. The sample was composed of 1563 participants aged between 17 and 33 years from Chile and Ecuador. This scale was formed by 14 items, which allowed the assessment of secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambivalent attachment. Results are as following: (a) the scale presented an adequate internal consistency for secure attachment α=.73 and ω=.82, avoidant α=.58 and ω=.70, and ambivalent α=.69 and ω=.73; (b) adequate convergent validity with sense of coherence (r=.34 and .43, p=< .001); (c) the exploratory factor analysis kept up the items’ organization developed KMO=.77, x2=4133.91, p=<.001; and, (d) the confirmatory factor analysis presented a good fit with three items for each attachment type x2(24)=136.28, p=<.001, CFI=.95, RMSEA=.05(.04–.06), SRMR=.03. Findings of psychometric properties are discussed, highlighting the contribution of this scale in the Latin American context and its relationship with previous research.Item Metadata only Development of video games to improve the learning of data structures(2020) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Nazir, S., Ahram, T., y Karwowski, W.Computer engineering students have little interest in striving to understand the fundamentals of developing data structures at the origins of computing. In order to improve the learning of the Data Structure course, a strategy has been established for students to develop a simple video game in which the implementation of AVL trees, queues, and stacks shows the importance of using data structures during the development of computational applications. This work suggests a method to stimulate the learning of the essential elements of the software through the development of video games to emphasize the importance of the use of Data Structures. The students involved in this practice used graphic tools to represent the insertion and deletion operations that are performed on three types of Data Structures: AVL Tree, queue and stack.Item Metadata only Digital museums as pedagogical mediators in the pandemic crisis(2021) Ramos Galarza, Carlos Alberto; Ramos Galarza, Carlos AlbertoAs a result of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, museums around the world have closed their physical doors, but some of them have opened digital windows to be able to visit them through virtual tours. Through them, interactive and sensory experiences are created developing educational and training spaces, which constitute pedagogical mediators that help teachers make their virtual classes more innovative, creating the interest of their students. This article describes the interactive museums as pedagogical mediators that propose a fusion of knowledge and new experiences, which transport the student to a cultural environment fostering the interest of interacting, knowing and visiting museums;in this way they can renew and create new interactive and innovative experiences. Through interactive museums, it is intended to promote a different learning dynamic, and at the same time improve the student’s disposition to receive new knowledge. This proposal contributes to the teaching-learning process with the use of innovative, interactive teaching resources that are at the same time consistent with the current environment in which children grow up. It is relevant to be able to encourage teachers to apply new educational strategies supported by technology, and thereby enrich their teaching management, achieve better teaching results with their students and seek other interrelationships. The study is also consistent and timely with current times, as teachers and students continue to interact in a virtual mode. The study delves into interactive museums and investigates the type of digital resources that can support the teaching-learning process in the area of Sciences. These ideas are intended to contribute to the design of innovative teaching resources that are based on the experiences of virtual visits to interactive museums, through which it is possible to take advantage of all the advantages and benefits they offer. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.