Tesis – Maestría en Biología de las Enfermedades Infecciosas (Sin Restricción)

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Browsing Tesis – Maestría en Biología de las Enfermedades Infecciosas (Sin Restricción) by Author "Moncayo Benalcázar, Ana Lucía"

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    Effect of Bono de Desarrollo Humano (Conditional Cash Transfer 1 Programme) on childhood mortality: a nationwide analysis of 2 Ecuadorian counties
    (PUCE - Quito, 2018) Granizo Mena, Guillermo Vinicio; Moncayo Benalcázar, Ana Lucía
    Background: The mortality rate in children under five years old (U5MR) has decreased 24 considerably in Ecuador; however, thousands of children continue to die from causes 25 related to poverty. A social program known as Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) was 26 created to guarantee a minimum level of consumption for families and to reduce chronic 27 malnutrition and preventable and preventable childhood diseases. 28 Objective: To evaluate the effect of the Bono de Desarrollo Humano programme on 29 mortality of children younger than 5 years, particularly from malnutrition, diarrheal 30 diseases, and lower respiratory tract infections. 31 Methods: Mortality rates and the BDH coverage from 2009 to 2014 was evaluated from 32 the 144 (of 222) Ecuadorian counties with intermediate and adequate quality of vital 33 information. A multivariable regression analyses for panel data was conducted by using 34 a negative binomial regression model with fixed effects, adjusted for relevant 35 demographic and socioeconomic covariates. 36 Results: For each 1% increase in BDH coverage, calculated from the county population 37 (CP) or the eligible population (EP), there would be a decrease in U5MR of 3% (RR 38 0.971, 95% CI 0.953-0.999) and 1.5% (RR 0.985, CI 0.973-0.998), respectively. A 39 lower effect of BDH on mortality resulting from respiratory infections was observed 40 (BDH-CP coverage: reduction of 0.8%, 95% CI 0.984-0.999 and BDH-PE coverage: 41 reduction of 0.5%, 95% CI 0.989-0.999). The BDH also reduced hospital discharge 42 rates in children younger than 5 years, resulting from all causes and for diarrhea. 43 Conclusion: 44 A conditional cash transfer program such as Bono de Desarrollo Humano could 45 contribute to the reduction of mortality due to causes related to poverty, such as 46 malnutrition and respiratory infections. Ecuador, being a country that has recently 47 3 increased the amount of the BDH, requires making a careful monitoring and evaluation 48 of the impact of the program to ensure that truly reduce inequities and improves health.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Knowledge, attitudes and practices on influenza vaccine 1 during pregnancy in Quito, Ecuador.
    (PUCE - Quito, 2018) Erazo Verdugo, Carlos Espartaco; Moncayo Benalcázar, Ana Lucía
    Background: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe 27 outcomes caused by influenza viruses in pregnant women and their children. In 28 Ecuador, the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women is low. 29 Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and 30 factors associated with the uptake of the influenza vaccination in women in Quito-31 Ecuador during pregnancy. 32 Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 842 women who delivered at three main 33 public gynecological-obstetric units of the Metropolitan District of Quito. A 34 questionnaire regarding demographics, antenatal care, risk conditions and knowledge, 35 attitudes and practices related to influenza vaccination was administered. We examined 36 factors associated with vaccination using log-binomial regression models. 37 Results: A low vaccination rate (36.6%) against influenza was observed among 38 pregnant women. The factors associated with vaccination included the 39 recommendations from health providers (adjusted PR: 15.84; CI 95% 9.62-26.10), 40 belief in the security of the influenza vaccine (adjusted PR: 1.53; CI 95% 1.03-2.37) and 41 antenatal care (adjusted PR: 1.21; CI 95% 1.01-1.47). The most common reasons for not 42 vaccinating included the lack of recommendation from health care providers (73.9%) 43 and lack of access to vaccine (9.0%). 44 Conclusions: Our results show that recommendations by a health provider and 45 antenatal care affected vaccination coverage, reflecting their importance for vaccination 46 campaign success. Therefore, health educational programs aimed to pregnant women 47 and antenatal care providers have the most potential to increase influenza vaccination 48 rates. It is necessary develop further studies to understand the barriers for health care 49 providers regarding influenza vaccination in Ecuador.