Importancia de la sentencia nro. 253-20-JH de la Corte Constitucional para el reconocimiento de los animales silvestres como sujetos de derechos: Alcances y límites
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Date
2024
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PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La relación entre los humanos y los animales ha evolucionado con el paso de la historia, pasando de ser considerados meras cosas, recursos o propiedad, hasta el reconocer su valor intrínseco y su capacidad de ser seres sintientes. En la Constitución de la República del Ecuador del 2008 se reconoce a la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos, pero sin establecer qué compone o a qué se le considera naturaleza. La Corte Constitucional a partir de una acción de hábeas corpus interpuesta en pro de un animal silvestre reconoció a los animales silvestres como sujetos de derechos en extensión a los derechos que posee la naturaleza. Siendo así, el objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la importancia de la sentencia Nro. 253-20-JH emitida por la Corte Constitucional para el reconocimiento de los animales silvestres como sujetos de derechos, a través de un análisis hermenéutico que permitiese precisar sus alcances y límites y conocer los criterios que sustentaron la decisión de la Corte de tutelar los derechos de un animal silvestre a través de la garantía del Hábeas Corpus. Los métodos de investigación utilizados fueron el normativista, el hermenéutico y el analítico sintético, los cuales permitieron llevar a cabo el análisis de la sentencia y la obtención de resultados, con el apoyo de la técnica de revisión y análisis documental. De esta manera, se llegó a concluir que, a pesar de que en la sentencia estudiada no resultó procedente el uso del hábeas corpus a favor del espécimen en virtud de que para ese entonces ya había muerto, en ella la Corte marca un precedente en la historia del derecho ambiental y de la protección animal, estableciendo la procedencia del uso de cualquier garantía jurisdiccional en pro de exigir los derechos de la naturaleza y sus elementos
The relationship between humans and animals has evolved over the course of history, going from being considered mere things, resources or property, to recognizing their intrinsic value and their capacity to be sentient beings, within the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in 2008 recognizes nature as a subject of rights, but without establishing what it comprises or what is considered Nature, the Constitutional Court, based on a habeas corpus action filed on behalf of a wild animal, recognizes wild animals as subjects of rights in extension to the rights that Nature possesses. Thus, the objective of the research was to study the importance of ruling No. 253-20-JH issued by the Constitutional Court for the recognition of wild animals as subjects of rights, through its hermeneutical analysis that allows specifying its scope and limits, in order to establish how a wild animal can be subject to the use of a jurisdictional guarantee such as in this case Habeas Corpus, for which, the research methods were used: normativist, hermeneutic and the synthetic analytical method with the purpose of carrying out logical operations of the analysis of the sentence and the elaboration of results. The research used the documentary review and analysis technique to facilitate this work. In this way, it was possible to reach the conclusion that although within the sentence issued by the Constitutional Court the use of habeas corpus in favor of the specimen is not appropriate because it had previously died, the Court sets a precedent in the history of environmental law and animal protection, establishing the use of any jurisdictional guarantee in order to demand the rights of nature and its elements.
The relationship between humans and animals has evolved over the course of history, going from being considered mere things, resources or property, to recognizing their intrinsic value and their capacity to be sentient beings, within the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in 2008 recognizes nature as a subject of rights, but without establishing what it comprises or what is considered Nature, the Constitutional Court, based on a habeas corpus action filed on behalf of a wild animal, recognizes wild animals as subjects of rights in extension to the rights that Nature possesses. Thus, the objective of the research was to study the importance of ruling No. 253-20-JH issued by the Constitutional Court for the recognition of wild animals as subjects of rights, through its hermeneutical analysis that allows specifying its scope and limits, in order to establish how a wild animal can be subject to the use of a jurisdictional guarantee such as in this case Habeas Corpus, for which, the research methods were used: normativist, hermeneutic and the synthetic analytical method with the purpose of carrying out logical operations of the analysis of the sentence and the elaboration of results. The research used the documentary review and analysis technique to facilitate this work. In this way, it was possible to reach the conclusion that although within the sentence issued by the Constitutional Court the use of habeas corpus in favor of the specimen is not appropriate because it had previously died, the Court sets a precedent in the history of environmental law and animal protection, establishing the use of any jurisdictional guarantee in order to demand the rights of nature and its elements.
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Keywords
Derechos, Naturaleza, Animales, Silvestres, Sujetos de derechos, Garantías jurisdiccionales, Hábeas corpus