Análisis del uso de la Acción de Protección en la defensa de los derechos laborales de los servidores públicos en Ibarra – Imbabura 2023
Authors
Peña Belalcazar, Carlos Andres
Vaca Esparza, Ana Paula
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PUCE - Ibarra
Abstract
La Constitución del Ecuador del año 2008 prevé una serie de garantías jurisdiccionales que buscan proteger los derechos constitucionales de todas las personas. Entre ellas, la Acción de Protección se destaca como la garantía jurisdiccional de mayor interposición en el país y constituye el eje central de este trabajo de investigación titulado “Análisis del uso de la Acción de Protección en la defensa de los derechos laborales de los servidores públicos en Ibarra – Imbabura 2023”. El problema que orientó esta investigación fue: ¿Cómo se utilizó la acción de protección en la defensa de los derechos laborales de los servidores públicos en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, durante el año 2023, y qué impacto ha tenido en la garantía efectiva de estos derechos? El objetivo general del estudio fue analizar el uso de esta garantía en la defensa de los derechos laborales de los servidores públicos en el cantón de Ibarra durante el año 2023, evaluando su efectividad, limitaciones y el impacto en la garantía de los derechos fundamentales. En concordancia, se plantearon objetivos específicos relacionados con el análisis del marco normativo y la doctrina aplicable a la acción de protección, el estudio de su aplicación en la práctica dentro del ámbito laboral, y la identificación de patrones y desafíos en su uso. El enfoque mixto utilizado permitió integrar el análisis cualitativo, a través de entrevistas y revisión de casos, con un análisis cuantitativo de datos relacionados con los procesos judiciales. La investigación reveló que, aunque la acción de protección ha sido utilizada para garantizar derechos laborales en casos específicos, también enfrenta ciertas limitaciones relacionadas con su desnaturalización y con la falta de celeridad en el sistema de justicia ordinario. Entre las principales conclusiones, se destaca que la acción de protección presenta una eficacia moderada en la defensa de los derechos laborales de los servidores públicos, y su uso adecuado depende de una mayor precisión en la delimitación de competencia entre la justicia constitucional y ordinaria, así como del fortalecimiento del principio de especialidad en la jurisdicción laboral.
The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador provides a series of jurisdictional guarantees aimed at protecting the constitutional rights of all individuals. Among them, the Protection Action stands out as the most frequently filed jurisdictional guarantee in the country and constitutes the central focus of this research, titled Analysis of the Use of Protection Action in the Defense of Public Servants’ Labor Rights in Ibarra – Imbabura 2023.” The research was guided by the following problem: How was the Protection Action used in the defense of public servants' labor rights in the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura, during the year 2023, and what impact has it had on the effective guarantee of these rights? The general objective of the study was to analyze the use of this guarantee in defending public servants’ labor rights in the canton of Ibarra during 2023, assessing its effectiveness, limitations, and impact on the guarantee of fundamental rights. Accordingly, specific objectives were established, including the analysis of the legal framework and applicable doctrine related to the Protection Action, the study of its practical application in the labor field, and the identification of patterns and challenges in its use. The mixed-method approach used in this study integrated qualitative analysis—through interviews and case reviews—with quantitative analysis of judicial process data. The research revealed that, although the Protection Action has been used to safeguard labor rights in specific cases, it also faces certain limitations related to its misapplication and the lack of efficiency in the ordinary justice system. Among the main conclusions, it is highlighted that the Protection Action demonstrates moderate effectiveness in defending public servants' labor rights. Its proper use depends on a clearer delimitation of jurisdiction between constitutional and ordinary justice, as well as the strengthening of the principle of specialization in the labor jurisdiction.
The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador provides a series of jurisdictional guarantees aimed at protecting the constitutional rights of all individuals. Among them, the Protection Action stands out as the most frequently filed jurisdictional guarantee in the country and constitutes the central focus of this research, titled Analysis of the Use of Protection Action in the Defense of Public Servants’ Labor Rights in Ibarra – Imbabura 2023.” The research was guided by the following problem: How was the Protection Action used in the defense of public servants' labor rights in the city of Ibarra, province of Imbabura, during the year 2023, and what impact has it had on the effective guarantee of these rights? The general objective of the study was to analyze the use of this guarantee in defending public servants’ labor rights in the canton of Ibarra during 2023, assessing its effectiveness, limitations, and impact on the guarantee of fundamental rights. Accordingly, specific objectives were established, including the analysis of the legal framework and applicable doctrine related to the Protection Action, the study of its practical application in the labor field, and the identification of patterns and challenges in its use. The mixed-method approach used in this study integrated qualitative analysis—through interviews and case reviews—with quantitative analysis of judicial process data. The research revealed that, although the Protection Action has been used to safeguard labor rights in specific cases, it also faces certain limitations related to its misapplication and the lack of efficiency in the ordinary justice system. Among the main conclusions, it is highlighted that the Protection Action demonstrates moderate effectiveness in defending public servants' labor rights. Its proper use depends on a clearer delimitation of jurisdiction between constitutional and ordinary justice, as well as the strengthening of the principle of specialization in the labor jurisdiction.
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Keywords
Acción de protección, Derechos laborales, Servidores públicos, Constitución del ecuador